Protecting Our Ground Water
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  Many prospective water well owners know that ground water is what will be pumped into their home, but they often   don’t know many more details after that. Several myths abound about ground water as well, which often makes it seem   mysterious to the uninformed. What follows are answers to several of the most popular ground water questions as well   as tips on protecting the drinking water source of 47 percent of the U.S. population.

 What is ground water, and where does it come from?
  Ground water is the water that fills cracks, voids, and other openings in beds of rocks, sand, and soil. Each drop of rain   that soaks into the soil moves downward, fills available space, and forms a large subsurface storage of water that   interacts with any substance that comes in contact with it. Many people believe that ground water comes from rapidly   moving underground rivers and lakes. However, that is not true.

 What is the relationship of ground water to surface water?
  Many streams and lakes are “windows” to the earth’s water table. In large part, a stream represents water that has   moved from the ground into the stream channel.

  Most ground water flows directly into streams, rivers, and lakes through streambeds or the bottom of lakes. On   occasion, ground water emerges out of an aquifer at a land surface—which makes a spring.

  Is ground water plentiful?
  It certainly is. About 98 percent of the available fresh water on Earth is ground water. Every day, the United States uses   about 76.4 billion gallons of this water for a variety of purposes. The amount of ground water storage dwarfs the   present surface water supply. At any given moment, it is 20 to 30 times greater than the amount of water in all the   lakes, streams, and rivers of the United States combined.

 Are there things that citizens can do to protect ground water?
  Without a doubt. Unfortunately some people think since ground water is underground there is nothing they can do to   help ensure its quality, or they think only federal, state, and local agencies can determine protection. However,   everyone can protect water quality to some degree.

 What is the best thing a well owner can do to protect ground water?
  The first step—and the best one—is for well owners to regularly monitor the water quality within their own wells. In fact,   it is recommended that well owners have their wells checked at least once a year for bacteria or other unwanted   constituents. Devices such as water softeners, reverse-osmosis systems, and ion-exchange systems can be used to   treat the water for in-home applications.

  To reduce the possibility of nitrates in ground water, well owners should have their septic tank cleaned and serviced   every two years. This eliminates the opportunity for waste backing up and unwanted materials leaching into the soil.

 What else can be done to aid ground water quality?
  Everyone—including people who are not well owners—can aid in curbing nonpoint source pollution, which constitutes   the majority of ground water contamination. Nonpoint source pollution includes runoff of pesticides and herbicides,   soil erosion, and street runoff.

  The best practice to combat nonpoint source pollution is common sense. When mixing toxic chemicals such as motor   oil, antifreeze, or fertilizers, do so with extreme caution. Avoid spilling the chemicals on the ground because they can   penetrate the soil and enter the ground water system.

  The best place to mix chemicals is on cement to avoid ground water infiltration or runoff into surface water caused by   accidental spills. Also, when working with chemicals, read the directions and never go above the recommended mixing   ratio or over-apply chemicals to gardens and fields.

 Where can I get more information?
  For more information on your private water well, contact Steve Foster:

Spectrum Geotechnical Services Ltd.
Silvershares Place Suite 8 & 9 Km 15 Lagos-Epe Expressway,
Jakande, Lekki Phase 1,
Lagos, Nigeria.

Tel:  (234) 482-4966
                                   Mobile:  (234) 803-344-4404, 803-302-4953
                        E-Mail:   info@spectrumgeotech.com

  Also, visit the Web site of the National Ground Water Association, http://www.ngwa.org/, and its site just for well   owners, http://www.wellowner.org/